No major technical changes were made from the 2011 to 2019 version—just refinements for clarity.
| Standard | Technique | Manual or Automatic? | Typical Use | |----------|-----------|----------------------|--------------| | ASTM E562 | Manual point count (grid overlay) | Manual | Volume fraction of phases | | ASTM E1245 | Automatic image analysis | Automatic | Combined measurement of volume fraction, spacing, and size | | ASTM E1382 | Semi-automatic or automatic | Both | Grain size and aspect ratio | | ISO 9042 | Point counting (similar to E562) | Manual | Steel microstructures | astm e562-19e1