A recurring cultural theme in this period was migration (the Gulf Boom). Films like Varavelpu (Welcome, 1989) highlighted the plight of Non-Resident Keralites (NRKs), critiquing the consumerist culture that remittance money brought to the state while exposing the exploitation faced by migrant workers. This reflected a major economic shift in Kerala's culture, where the "Gulf Malayali" became a new social archetype.
The film is steeped in the culture of the Kuttanad backwaters (below sea-level farming), the legacy of the Kerala Renaissance and communist movements, the dying art of Ottamthullal (a solo performance art), and the contemporary conflict between development and ecology. A recurring cultural theme in this period was