Based on the arguments presented in this paper, the following recommendations are made:
Tom Regan’s 1983 work, The Case for Animal Rights , argued that animals are "subjects-of-a-life." They have beliefs, desires, memory, a sense of the future, and a psychological identity. Because they have these traits, they have that is not contingent on their usefulness to humans. Based on the arguments presented in this paper,
Animal welfare focuses on improving the physical and mental well-being of animals in human care, accepting their use for human purposes while emphasizing humane treatment and reduced suffering. A central framework is the , which includes: Freedom from hunger and thirst. Freedom from discomfort. Freedom from pain, injury, or disease. Freedom to express normal behavior. The Case for Animal Rights