Ciria Report 108 Concrete Pressure On Formwork [exclusive]

Temperature: Higher temperatures accelerate setting — reducing pressure sooner — but also reduce concrete viscosity, which can increase early pressure during placement.

Water exerts pressure equally in all directions. Concrete, however, is a granular material with thixotropy (it thickens when left undisturbed) and cohesiveness. Once the concrete begins to set, it forms an arching action against the formwork. ciria report 108 concrete pressure on formwork

Even more critical than R. CIRIA 108 defines "initial set" as the point when concrete reaches a penetrometer resistance of 0.5 N/mm² (roughly when you can no longer easily press a thumbprint into it). ciria report 108 concrete pressure on formwork