Heat treatment has numerous applications in various industries, including:
| Defect | Cause | Remedy | |--------|-------|--------| | | Rapid/uneven quenching | Use milder quenchant, preheat | | Warping | Non-uniform heating/cooling | Proper fixtures, stress relief | | Decarburization | Heating in oxidizing atmosphere | Use controlled atmosphere or pack in charcoal | | Soft spots | Uneven quenching or surface contamination | Agitate quenchant, clean surface | heat treatment of metals by vijendra singhpdf